Question

how do Mendel experiment show that traits are inherited independently? according to 5 marks​

Answer 1

Answer:

mendel shows that traits are inherited independently...

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Answer 2

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• How do Mendel experiment show that traits are inherited independently ? (5 marks)

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Mendel’s Experiments

Mendel experimented on a pea plant and considered 7 main contrasting traits in the plants. Then, he conducted both the experiments to determine the aforementioned inheritance laws. A brief explanation of the two experiments is given below.

Monohybrid Cross -

• In this experiment, Mendel took two pea plants of opposite traits (one short and one tall) and crossed them. He found the first generation offsprings were tall and called it F1 progeny. Then he crossed F1 progeny and obtained both tall and short plants in the ratio 3:1.

• Mendel even conducted this experiment with other contrasting traits like green peas vs yellow peas, round vs wrinkled, etc. In all the cases, he found that results were similar. From this, he formulated the laws of Segregation And Dominance.

Dihybrid Cross -

• In a dihybrid cross experiment, Mendel considered two traits, each having two alleles. He crossed wrinkled-green seed and round-yellow seeds and observed that all the first generation progeny (F1 progeny) were round-yellow. This meant that dominant traits were the round shape and yellow colour.

• He then self-pollinated the F1 progeny and obtained 4 different traits wrinkled-yellow, round-yellow, wrinkled-green seeds and round-green in the ratio 9:3:3:1.

• After conducting for other traits, the results were found to be similar. From this experiment, Mendel formulated his second law of inheritance i.e law of Independent Assortment.

Conclusions from Mendel’s Experiments :

• The genetic makeup of the plant is known as the genotype. On the contrary, the physical appearance of the plant is known as phenotype

• The genes are transferred from parents to the offsprings in pairs known as allele.

• During gametogenesis when the chromosomes are halved, there is a 50% chance of one of the two alleles to fuse with the other parent.

• When the alleles are same they are known as homozygous alleles when the alleles are different they are known as heterozygous alleles.

Mendel’s laws

The two experiments lead to the formulation of Mendel’s laws known as laws of inheritance which are:

1. Law of Dominance
2. Law of Segregation
3. Law of Independent Assortment

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