Question

how do Mendel's experiment show that traits may be dominant or recessive?​

Answer 1

Mendel selected true breeding tall (TT) and dwarf (tt) pea plants. Then, he crossed these two plants. The seeds formed after fertilization were grown and these plants that were formed represent the first filial or F1 generation. All the F1 plants obtained were tall.

Then, Mendel self-pollinated the F1 plants and observed that all plants obtained in the F2

generation were not tall. Instead, one-fourth of the F2 plants were short.

From this experiment, Mendel concluded that the F1 tall plants were not true breeding. They were carrying traits of both short height and tall height. They appeared tall only because the tall trait is dominant over the dwarf trait.

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Answer 2

Mendel selected true breeding tall (TT) and dwarf (tt) pea plants.When a tall pea plant is crossed with a short (dwarf) pea plant, all the F1 hybrids are tall. (, in this case, the gene causing tallness is dominant while the gene causing dwarfness is recessive.).The trait expressing itself in the hybrid is the dominant one.
(Mendel’s first law of inheritance states that when a pair of contrasting factors is brought in a hybrid, one factor inhibits the appearance of the other. The one which inhibits is the dominant one and which is inhibited is recessive.)