how do mendel 's experiment show the traits are inherited independently
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Genes located on different chromosomes will be inherited independently of each other. Mendel observed that, when peas with more than one trait were crossed, the progeny did not always match the parents. ... For example, he cross-bred pea plants with round, yellow seeds and plants with wrinkled, green seeds.
Mendel demonstrated that traits are inherited independently through his dihybrid cross. He considered two traits at a time, seed colour and seed shape in which yellow colour (YY) and round shape (RR) are dominant over green colour (yy) and wrinkled shape (rr), respectively. Mendel observed that the F2 progeny of dihybrid cross had a phenotypic ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 and produced nine plants with round yellow seeds, three plants with round green seeds, three plants with wrinkled yellow seeds and one plant with wrinkled green seeds. In this experiment, he found that round yellow and wrinkled green are parental combinations whereas round green and wrinkled yellow are new combinations. In a dihybrid cross between two plants having round yellow (RRYY) and wrinkled green seeds (rryy), four types of gametes (RY, Ry, rY, ry ) are produced. Each of these gametes segregate independently of each other and each has a frequency of 25% of the total gametes produced. From this experiment, he concluded that when two pairs of traits are combined together in a hybrid, one pair of character segregates independent of the other pair of character. This is known as the law of independent assortment.