Question

How do neurons transmit every type of data, like sound, vision , sensation?

Guys please answer if you know them perfectly, And no plagiarism,

Thank you,

Next doubt on Physics !

Answer 1

Heya !

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◆i m going to explain you how transmission of nerve impulse takes place :-

•in the normal condition , the outer side of the nerve fibre carries a positive charge.
this is called polarized state.
this polarization is due to more Na+ ( sodium) ions outside the axon membrane.

•now , on stimulation(mechanical, electrical or chemical etc ), the axon membrane at that spot becomes more permeable to Na+ ions which move inwards and cause loss of polarization ( depolarization).
this is known as excited region.

•the point of depolarization becomes a stimulus for the next neighbouring area of the membrane which in turn becomes depolarized.

•meanwhile, the previous area becomes repolarized due to active transport of Na+ ions again to the outside.
this transport is achieved by what is called "sodium pump" using energy through ATP.

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◆NOW , HOW IMPULSE GENERATES FROM SENSES SUCH AS SOUND , VISION ...ETC.

•first of all , sensation occurs ie the sensory neurons absorb energy from the external or physical stimuli from the environment and become active.
•next, sensory receptors are responsible to convert this energy into neural impulse , and also to send these impulses to brain.
now , the brain organizes and interprets the information and finally translates it to something which is meaningful.

•for example :- for vision , energy is absorbed by retina ( rods and cones ) and this energy is taken to brain through optic nerve in the form of impulse.
•for hearing , energy is absorbed by pinna or external ear , carried to cochlea in form of vibrations and taken to brain through auditory nerve in the form of impulses.

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sorry if that does not help ! :(