Question

How do organisms carry out the process of exchange of gases ? Describe giving examples.​

Answer 1

Answer:

In animals, gas exchange follows the same general pattern as in plants. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move by diffusion across moist membranes. In simple animals, the exchange occurs directly with the environment. ... Earthworms exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly through their skin.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

In animals, gas exchange follows the same general pattern as in plants. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move by diffusion across moist membranes. In simple animals, the exchange occurs directly with the environment. But with complex animals, such as mammals, the exchange occurs between the environment and the blood. The blood then carries oxygen to deeply embedded cells and transports carbon dioxide out to where it can be removed from the body.Earthworms exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly through their skin. The oxygen diffuses into tiny blood vessels in the skin surface, where it combines with the red pigment hemoglobin. Hemoglobin binds loosely to oxygen and carries it through the animal’s bloodstream. Carbon dioxide is transported back to the skin by the hemoglobin.Terrestrial arthropods have a series of openings called spiracles at the body surface. Spiracles open into tiny air tubes called tracheae, which expand into fine branches that extend into all parts of the arthropod body.Fishes use outward extensions of their body surface called gills for gas exchange. Gills are flaps of tissue richly supplied with blood vessels. As a fish swims, it draws water into its mouth and across the gills. Oxygen diffuses out of the water into the blood vessels of the gill, while carbon dioxide leaves the blood vessels and enters the water passing by the gills.Birds have large air spaces called air sacs in their lungs. When a bird inhales, its rib cage spreads apart and a partial vacuum is created in the lungs. Air rushes into the lungs and then into the air sacs, where most of the gas exchange occurs. This system is birds’ adaptation to the rigors of flight and their extensive metabolic demands.The lungs of mammals are divided into millions of microscopic air sacs called alveoli (the singular is alveolus). Each alveolus is surrounded by a rich network of blood vessels for transporting gases. In addition, mammals have a dome-shaped diaphragm that separates the thorax from the abdomen, providing a separate chest cavity for breathing and pumping blood. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens to create a partial vacuum in the lungs. The lungs fill with air, and gas exchange follows.