How do people sacrifice for the state
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The researchers carried out that work by actually traveling to the front line of the war in Iraq in 2015. By doing this, they had access not only to captured ISIS fighters, but also Arab Sunni combatants, Kurdish fighters from the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), the Peshmerga, as well as Iraqi soldiers from the government army.
This was a crucial part of the research, as rather than talking to people about what they claim they will do, as is more usually done, the researchers were able to question those who had already made those decisions and undertaken those sacrifices. From this, the team was able to determine that there were three main factors that led to the decisions of these fighters to makes these costly sacrifices.
This starts with a commitment to these non-negotiable sacred values and associated group, the enthusiasm to place these values above their friends and family, and finally the perceived “spiritual strength” of the group for which they are fighting, which is the strength of their convictions, over that of their enemy’s.
These results were then compared to those of 6,000 Spanish civilians quizzed online. This showed a stark difference, in which the majority of people placed their family and friends above the beliefs they found sacred. Fascinatingly, they also found that those civilians who did rate their values above their family were also more willing to make costly sacrifices.
“These findings indicate the importance of apparently non-material concerns in motivating and sustaining violent conflict,” wrote the authors. This is interesting, as it runs counter to the established wisdom that the “fighting spirit” (even against unsurmountable odds) is due to comrades or a combat group.
This was a crucial part of the research, as rather than talking to people about what they claim they will do, as is more usually done, the researchers were able to question those who had already made those decisions and undertaken those sacrifices. From this, the team was able to determine that there were three main factors that led to the decisions of these fighters to makes these costly sacrifices.
This starts with a commitment to these non-negotiable sacred values and associated group, the enthusiasm to place these values above their friends and family, and finally the perceived “spiritual strength” of the group for which they are fighting, which is the strength of their convictions, over that of their enemy’s.
These results were then compared to those of 6,000 Spanish civilians quizzed online. This showed a stark difference, in which the majority of people placed their family and friends above the beliefs they found sacred. Fascinatingly, they also found that those civilians who did rate their values above their family were also more willing to make costly sacrifices.
“These findings indicate the importance of apparently non-material concerns in motivating and sustaining violent conflict,” wrote the authors. This is interesting, as it runs counter to the established wisdom that the “fighting spirit” (even against unsurmountable odds) is due to comrades or a combat group.
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Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans, usually as an offering to a deity, as part of a ritual. Human sacrifice has been practiced in various cultures throughout history. Victims were typically ritually killed in a manner that was supposed to please or appease gods, spirits or the deceased, for example as a propitiatory offering or as a retainer sacrifice when a king's servants are killed in order for them to continue to serve their master in the next life. Closely related practices found in some tribal societies are cannibalism and headhunting.[1]
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