how do reactive and non reactive polyamide differ?
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Answer:
Dimer acid–based (DAB) polyamide resins are either reactive or nonreactive. Reactive polyamides are utilized primarily as curing agents for epoxy resins used in surface coatings and adhesives. Nonreactive DAB polyamides are used predominantly in hot-melt adhesives and printing inks. Despite a large number of active DAB polyamide resin suppliers, over 90% of all US production capacity is concentrated within four companies. PAE resins (made by a totally different group of producers) are used mainly in the paper industry as wet-strength additives.
The following pie charts show world consumption of DAB polyamide resins and polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins.
The following are positive factors influencing supply/demand for non-nylon polyamides in the next five years:
The rapidly growing recycled paper industry must process fibers that are shorter than those in typical paper operations, thus creating a greater demand for toughening agents, including PAE resins.
Use of cheaper fibers is growing and more fiber replacement is taking place, thereby increasing demand for PAE resins.
A growing trend to improve the performance of paper toweling (as well as facial tissue and some packaging) means more demand for wet-strength resins, increasing the use of PAE resins.
Despite a large number of active DAB polyamide resin suppliers, over 90% of all US production capacity is concentrated within four companies. PAE resins (made by a totally different group of producers) are used mainly in the paper industry as wet-strength additives. In the United States, there has been some reduction in capacity, with BASF closing its dimer acid and DAB polyamide plant in Illinois in 2015 as a result of excess industry capacity and declining consumption in the ink market.
In Western Europe, there has also been excess capacity. Most markets are mature with little growth expected, except for the DAB polyamide-based hot-melt adhesives market, which is expected to grow as a result of some innovations in the high-quality footwear industry.
In Japan, consumption of DAB polyamide resins is expected to remain relatively unchanged through 2020. There will be some modest improvement in the construction industry, but the printing industry will continue to trend downward.
China was the major global consumer of DAB polyamide resins in 2015, accounting for about 40% of the world total. The largest application for DAB polyamide resins was epoxy resin curing agents for coatings, accounting for 60% of the total consumption in China. Surface coatings and adhesives applications will drive China’s consumption growth rate of about 4% annually during 2015–20.
World consumption of dimer acid–based (DAB) polyamide resins will increase at an average annual rate of 2.8% during 2015–20. Consumption of reactive DAB polyamides is largely dependent on use of epoxy resins in anticorrosion coatings, construction projects, and various adhesives applications. Coatings account for about half of the total. Most growth will come from Asia, mainly in China and India. Only modest growth is expected in the more mature regions.
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are used primarily by the paper industry to increase the wet strength of towels/wipes, facial tissues, and other products. Use will grow modestly in the US, Western European, and Japanese markets. In China use will grow by 6–7% annually for the near future as consumption of tissue and hygiene paper requiring wet-strength additives continues to grow. Consumption of PAE resins will grow in other parts of Asia as papermakers continue to shift away from non-formaldehyde-containing wet-strength additives. Producers are developing PAE resins with lower levels of by-products to decrease the environmental impact of paper mills on waterways.
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