How do scientists calculate the mass of a supermassive black hole ?
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For example, the mass of the black hole in the center of our Milky Way galaxy was calculated by measuring the speeds of individual stars that orbit around it. This showed that the black hole is three million times more massive than our Sun
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One can measure the mass of a black hole by tracing the motion of the gas and dust near the black hole that is being pulled-on by the mass of the black hole. This can be done at many wavelengths, such as by measuring the positions of stars which orbit near a black hole at optical wavelengths.
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