how do the rivers make the northern plains fertile
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The rivers carry water throughout the year. They also bring with them broken pieces of rock, sand and silt. The fine silt deposited along the river banks is called alluvium. Alluvial soil is very good for crops
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The rivers carry silt and sediment, which they get from the mountains due to soil erosion. (the rivers flow extremely fast due to a steep slope) Due to less gradient of slope in the N.Plains, the rivers flow more sluggishly and are not able to carry the silt anymore. So, they deposit these minerals on their banks (forming flood plains if they flood) causing the land to become fertile.
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