Question

how do we calculate the basicity of an acid

Answer 1

Basicity is associated with acid; some may confused and they may think basicity is come from base directly, but it's solely related to acid not to base.

Basidity of an acid can be defined as the no. of ionizable* H+ ion (actually H3O+i.e.hydronium ion, bcz generally we do all these stuffs in aqueous medium and non-aqueous medium such as liq.NH3, BrF3, HF etc are not usual) present in one mole of an acid.

Or in other words basicity of an acid refers to the number of replaceable hydrogen atom(s)# per molecule of an acid. So, it can also be referred as the no. of H+ ion(s) liberated in aqueous solution by one molecule of an acid or the no. mole(s) of H+ ions liberated in aqueous solution by one mole of an acid.

*# NOTE : It isn't in all cases that a compound furnishes all its containing H-atoms as ion, that's why I used ‘ionizable H+’ in 2nd para and ‘replacable H-atom(s)’ in 3rd… like in case of acetic acid, it has total 4 H-atoms, but only one is ionizable/ replaceable in aqueous medium or H3PO2 has 3 H-atoms but it has only 1 replaceable H-atom bcz other two directly bonded to P-atom etc.

On the basis of basicity​, generally there are 3 types of acids : monobasic acid (HNO3,HCl, HClO4, CH3COOH etc), dibasic acid (H2SO4, H2C2O4,H3PO3 etc) and tribasic acid [H3PO4,H3BO3,As(OH)3 or H3AsO3 etc ]…tetrabasic acid is rare I know just one example i.e. Si(OH)4 {silisic acid}… beyond that I wonder of their existence.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Basicity = molar mass of an acid divided by equivalent mass of acid.