Question

how do we often perceive an object to be in motion

Answer 1

Motion aftereffect and other motion illusionsWhat is motion good for?Motion-based segmentationDepth from motion and motion parallaxNavigation and collision avoidanceShape and recognitionOptic flowMotion blindnessCortical area MT is functionally specialized for motionNeurons in MT are selective for motion direction.Neural responses in MT are correlated with the perception of motion.Damage to MT or temporary inactivation causes deficits in visual motion perception.Electrical stimulation in MT causes changes in visual motion perception.Computational theory quantitatively explains both the responses of MT neurons and the perception of visual motion.Well-defined pathway of brain areas (cascade of neural computations) underlying motion specialization in MT.Cortical area MST is functionally speicalized for optic flowSTS is specialized for recognizing biological motionCorrolary discharge explains why eye movements do not evoke a perception of motion.

Motion is a perceptual attribute: the visual system infers motion from the changing pattern of light in the retinal image. Often the inference is correct. Sometimes it is not. In class I showed you a number of demonstrations in which motion is misperceived. Below is one example of a visual illusion of motion that I made. It is a tribute to Duchamp's cubist painting titled "Nude Descending a Staircase" in which the changing pattern of light gives the illustion of motion even though she never gets anywhere (you made need to double-click on the image below or reload the page for the animation to play).

Answer 2

We perceive an object to be in motion when its position seems to be changing continuously with time.

Explanation:

• Humans often think that an object is in motion only when it changes its position with time. For example: flying of birds, running of a boy, moving of a car, etc.
• However, there are many situations in which there is indirect evidence of the existence of motion. For example, we calculate the speed of wind through the blowing of particles of dust along with the movement of branches and leaves of trees.
• To one person an object may seem to be moving, while to the other person it can be in rest. For example: To the passengers of the moving bus, the trees and plants along the road seem to be moving backwards.

Learn more: Motion

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