Question

How do you appreciate the role of alcohol in medicine in every day life

Answer 1

Alcohols, in various forms, are used within medicine as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and antidote.[1] Alcohols applied to the skin are used to disinfect skin before a needle stickand before surgery.[2] They may be used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers.[2] They can also be used to clean other areas,[2] and in mouthwashes.[3][4][5] Taken by mouth or injected into a vein ethanol is used to treat methanol or ethylene glycol toxicity when fomepizole is not available.[1]

Answer 2

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$\fbox{Uses of alcohol in medicine}$

Alcohol is being used in medicine since ages. It has powerful antimicrobial, astringent, sedative and rubefacient property.

In methanol poisoning: When excess methanol is consumed, the person will have terrific symptoms leading to death. The methanol in the body converts to formaldehyde and formic acids which causes pain and irritation all over. The sting of ants has formic acid. So, we can imagine the extent of damage when formic acid is formed in the body due to methanol poisoning.

As rubefacient: 70% ethanol and even Isopropanol have rubefaceint character. When applied to skin, it leads tp dilation of blood vessels and then redness. In this condition the applied skin area is tender and has greater absorption property. This can be used to enhance drug absorption from ointment applied to skin. Further, this relieves acute pain locally where applied.

To reduce pain: In case of sever pain as cancer, alcohol is injected near the nerve endings to destroy the nerve. This leads to lack of pain from that nerve.

Antiseptic: When an injection is to be made, a cotton swab soaked in alcohol is used to clean the surface. Then after injection, it is left there to see that there is no bleeding. This is done to clear the area of injection from any bacteria or microbes. Further, this cleaning removes any dirt in the site of injection.

Further, any surgical blades, needles, forceps can be cleaned with ethanol to remove microbes over them.

Diluent: Tinctures are alcoholic extracts of drugs. When a substance is in low concentration, it cannot be given as such for the person. Hence, to enhance the volume of drug, alcohol is used as a diluent. Since, alcohol at such low doses is safe to the body and also sterile, it is acts as a safe diluent. Especially, in homeopathy, drugs are extracted with alcohol . Further, they are diluted with it for easy administration. Besides alcohol, lactose is also used as a diluent. However, alcoholic extract tinctures are also administered to patients.

Preservative: The tinctures which are alcoholic extracts of plant and animal material have long half life. This is because, alcohol is a good preservative. 

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