Question

How do you calculate the valency of an element from its electronic configuration? Taking example of Mg with atomic number 12 and 3 with atomic
number 16.​

Answer 1

The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence electrons present in the outermost shell of its atom. The number of electrons lost or gained (or shared) by one atom of an element to achieve the nearest inert gas electron configuration, gives us the valency of the element.

Atomic number of magnesium =12 Electronic configuration is 2, 8, 2.

A magnesium atom can lose its 2 valence electrons to achieve the inert gas electronic configuration of neon (2, 8).

Therefore, valency of magnesium = 2.

The atomic number of sulphur = 16.

Electronic configuration = 2, 8, 6.

A sulphur atom cannot lose 6 electrons to achieve inert gas electronic configuration due to energy consideration. It can gain 2 electrons to achieve the nearest inert gas electronic configuration of argon (2, 8, 8).

Thus, the valency of sulphur = 2.

3 On going from left to right along a period (short period), the valency of elements increases from 1 to 4 and then decreases to 0 (zero).

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4. All the elements in a group have the same valency.

Answer 2

Answer:

THE NO. OF VALENCE ELECTRON IS THE VALENCY OF THE ELEMENTS IF THE NO. OF ELECTRON IN VALENCE SHELL IS EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 4. LIKE THE ATOMIC NO. OF MG IS 12 THEN THE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF MG IS 2,8,2

THE VALENCY OF AN ELEMENT CAN ALSO BE CALCULATED BY FINDING THE NO. OF ELECTRON REQUIRED TO COMPLETE OCTET (8),i.e., 8; IF ELEMENTS HAVE MORE THAN 4 VALENCE ELECTRON. No. of Valence electron =valency and no. of valency=8 - no. of electron like oxygen valency =8 so, no. of Valence electron =8-6=2

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