How does a 'gana' differ from a kingdom?
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In ancient India, there were numerous individual kingdoms and some gana-sanghas.
A kingdom was ruled by a monarch; while a gana had basically a republican government. In a kingdom, the king usually inherited his throne from his ancestors.
But in a gana sangha, the chief called sangha-mukhya was elected by the other members of the gana. Some large kingdoms were divided into some clans or ganas, led by the sangha-mukhyas.
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