HOW DOES AFFORESTATION PREVENT THE LOWERING OF THE LEVEL OF GROUNDWATER AND INCREASE SOIL FERTILITY?
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Answer:
Forests and trees make an essential contribution to food security by helping to maintain the environmental conditions needed for agricultural production. They stabilize the soil, prevent erosion, enhance the land's capacity to store water, and moderate air and soil temperatures.
The importance of these effects has often been ignored in the past, with the clearance of tree vegetation and the subsequent loss of millions of hectares of productive land. Furthermore, as forests continue to be cleared-exposing the land to direct attack from wind and rain-soil erosion and land degradation are still undermining agriculture's resource base.
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Answer:
Field investigations indicate that afforestation leads to a reduction in runoff by as much as 20%, mainly due to interception of rainfall by forest canopies. ... The slower recharge rates of groundwater under forests lead to significant delays in manifestation of deterioration in groundwater quality.
Agricultural production improves because soil cover both promotes and maintains soil in optimum condition for plant growth (nutrients) and water infiltration (water availability). Groundwater reserves are protected as evaporation and soil erosion are reduced. Huge potential to prevent water loss from soil.