how does an earthquake occurs what precautions can we take during an earthquake
Answers
Answer:
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of Earth due to the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust, as a result, seismic waves (also known as S waves)are created. The seismic activities in an area determine the type and intensity of the earthquake.
●Occurrence
Earthquakes are caused when rocks underground break. Earthquakes are caused due to sudden tectonic movements in the earth’s crust. When the tectonic plates slide over one another, there is a cause of orogeny which results in earthquakes and volcanoes. These disturbances cause vibrations that spread in all directions. As there is a relative motion of these plates, there is stress built up, which breaks by releasing the stored energy known as shock waves.
●This causes a release of energy, and the energy waves travel in all directions. The point where the energy is released is called the focus of an earthquake or hypocentre.
●The point on the surface of the earth which is vertically above the focus is called the epicentre. It is the first place to experience the waves.
●Precautions
1. Ducking under a table or desk is the quickest way to protect yourself. If you’re in a high rise building, and away from a table or desk, move against a wall. Don’t panic when the sprinkler or alarm systems turn on due to malfunction, and DO NOT use the elevators.
2. Since glass windows can shatter during an earthquake and have the potential to cause harm, it’s better to stay away from them. If you’re unable to get out of the place, stay indoors under a desk or table. Protect your head.
3. When you’re outdoors, move to a clear area. Be away from signs, trees, electrical wires, buildings and poles. If you’ve been standing on a sidewalk near buildings, get under a doorway. It will protect you from plaster, glass, bricks and other debris.
4. While driving in your car, simply pull over and stop. Avoid power lines, overpasses, billboards and other structures that may fall to cause harm . Until the tremors subside, stay inside your vehicle. Similarly, if you’re in a theatre or stadium, stay in your seat. Protect your head with your arms.
5. If you are in a public place like a mall, do no panic. Leave the premises you’re in, in an orderly manner. Rushing towards the exit can cause a stampede. Check for injuries, and receive/give first aid, if required. Most importantly, prepare yourself for aftershocks, and plan to take cover accordingly.