how does and antibodies plant observe and nutrients from insect bite
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Answer:
hope this will help you
Explanation:
Hypersensitivity or allergy encompasses a wide range of immunological reactions that generally have adverse consequences involving one or many organ systems of the body. Allergens are usually glycoprotein or chemically complex low molecular weight substances. The common allergens include pollen, fungal spores, house dust mite and house dust, animal danders, drugs, foods, insect emanations, and detritus, etc. Information on the role of insects in respiratory allergy is increasing in the literature. There are about 30 million living species of insects. These insects can broadly be classified as stinging insects, biting insects and non-stinging and non-biting insects. All materials form insets namely wings, scales, saliva; dried feces and venom can cause allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and urticaria. There are wide varieties of insects such as moths, butterflies, bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, flies, beetles, cockroaches, and mosquitoes. Exposure to emanations and detritus of these insects may lead to several allergies in some genetically predisposed individuals. Therefore, it is of interest to review allergies caused by various insect’s stings and bites and their adverse effect on the human body.
Keywords: Allergens, respiratory allergy, insect allergens, Mosquito allergens, ockroach allergens
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BacAllergy and Insect:
Allergens are usually proteins or glycoprotein or chemically complex substances with low molecular weight. Their molecular complexity, concentration, solubility and stability in body fluids were other important determinants of allergenic potential 1. The common allergens include pollen, fungal spores, house dust mite, and house dust, animal dander, insect emanations and detritus, drugs, foods, etc. Out of these, the allergenic significance of a large number of pollen grains, fungal spores, animal danders, house dust and house dust mite has been extensively studied all over the world including India and was very well established 2-9. The role of insects as sources of inhalant allergens insects was also well studied and suggested insects were one of the most important sources of aeroallergens.Insects, an important class of the phylum Arthropoda, were characterized by an exoskeleton, a body showing segmentation and bilateral symmetry and jointed appendages. The numbers of insects' species were more as compared to any other group of animals. An insect mainly highlights the world most diverse group and numerous classes of the animal kingdom and includes a number of species i.e. praying mantis, dragonflies, grasshoppers, true bugs, flies, fleas, bees, wasps, ants, lice, butterflies, moths, and beetles. The number of species of insects was estimated to be between 6 to 10 million with more than a million species already discovered. They assume the role among more than half of all living organisms that were known presently and potentially serve as more than 90% of the different forms of life on Earth. Hence, contacts of the human with insects were inescapable. Human exposure to biting or stinging insects or to their remains may range from conditions in which they were barely noticeable to severe lifethreatening conditions. From studies conducted by Terry Erwin of the Smithsonian Institution's Department of Entomology in Latin American Forest Canopies, the number of living species of insects has been estimated to be around 30 million 10. Insects fall under 33 orders, which were further divided, into 839 families 11. Of all the insects, moths, butterflies, bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, flies and mosquitoes constitute about 40 percent, the beetles another 40 percent and the rest about 20 percent 12. These insects can be broadly be classified as stinging insects, biting insects and non-stinging and non-biting insects 13. All insect matter like wings, scales, saliva, dried fecal matter, and venom can cause allergic diseases such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria and gastric disorders 14,15 . Depending on the route of sensitization, the insect allergens have been recognized as an inhalant, ingestant and injectant allergens 16.
Insect’s leads to a number of allergies that in turn results in pain, itching and appearance of redness and swelling at the bite/sting or surrounding affected areas. It has been reported that people allergic to stinging venom may possess certain serious reaction namely anaphylaxis 17,18 . It has been reported that from the last decade the number of patients with respect to insect allergy has increased. However, mortalities have been known to reduce mainly due to improved diagnosis and upgraded treatment procedures. The socio-economic burdens linked with insect-related allergies were still unknown. Insect prone allergies were also known as Hymenoptera Venom Allergy (HVA). The HVA allergies have been known to cau