How does deforestation affect the rainfall pattern of an area
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trees absorb moisture, usually from the soil and/or standing water that their roots penetrate. this water is carried from the root structure all the way to the highest extremities of the tree. In the chemical process of photosynthesis that the tree uses to convert sunlight into stored energy water and carbon dioxide are chemically combined using captured solar energy to build glucose sugar molecules. Trees attach these molecules together in starch, to store energy, as well as in cellulose and lignin to build cell walls and new structures. In the process water soluble nutrients are absorbed by the roots along with the water and transported to the trees extremities. Because the surface area of the leaf or needle structures where this photosynthesis process takes place are so large it is inevitable that a lot of the water absorbed by the roots evaporates into the air around the tree and becomes water vapor. Water vapor rises to form clouds and eventually precipitates back out as rain or snow completing the cycle. When a large area of forest is removed and replaced with annual crops or pasture lands the new plants growing there are small compared to a tree so they have a much smaller surface area and transpire far less water from the root structure into the air as water vapor. Less water vapor means less cloud formation down wind and less rainfall.