how does desertification of an area occur explain in detail.
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The UN has defined desertification as a “diminution or destruction of the biological potential of the land which can lead ultimately to desert-like conditions.” Desertification can occur when extended periods of drought in arid, semi-arid, or dry sub-humid areas — known as drylands — sap the land's productivity until
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Desertification is generally viewed as an advanced stage of land degradation. The UN has defined desertification as a “diminution or destruction of the biological potential of the land which can lead ultimately to desert-like conditions.” Desertification can occur when extended periods of drought in arid, semi-arid, or dry sub-humid areas — known as drylands — sap the land’s productivity until it becomes “dead” soil. In addition, human activities often contribute to the process. While people have managed fragile drylands successfully for millennia in many parts of the world, pressure upon the land is much greater today as roughly 2 billion people inhabit drylands around the world.
Human activities that contribute to desertification include the expansion and intensive use of agricultural lands, poor irrigation practices, deforestation, and overgrazing. These unsustainable land uses place enormous pressure on the land by altering its soil chemistry and hydrology. Eventually, overexploited drylands suffer from erosion, soil salinization, loss of productivity, and decreased resilience to climatic variations. Land management plays a particularly large role in highly populated regions of less developed countries, where population growth is placing increased pressures on marginal lands. Global warming due to the atmospheric buildup of carbon dioxide and other gases emitted by fossil fuel combustion threatens to complicate this picture in the future. A rise in global temperatures is likely to accelerate the process of desertification as evaporation rates increase.
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