How does detergent act in hard water
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Soap reacts with hard water because of the sodium ions linked with the fatty acids chain reacts with the calcium and magnesium ions in hard water. The functional group in a detergent is SO3 Na and this does not react with the calcium and magnesium ions in hard water.
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Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. They do not make scum in hard water and these chains do not react with metal ions to form insoluble precipitate.
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