Question

how does earth behave as a huge magnet

Answer 1

Earth has a molten liquid core containing iron. It is believed that as it moves or spins, it creates an electric current that causes a magnetic field around the Earth. The field is believed to be created by this dynamo action. The magnetic field makes the Earth act like a huge magnet so it attracts like one. That's why it pulls the magnetized needle in a compass and makes it point in the general direction of the North Pole. 

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Answer 2

Answer:

The Earth’s magnetic field and associated phenomenon is called as Geomagnetism.

Explanation:

The Earth is just like giant magnet . It has an invisible magnetic field that permeates everything. Gilbert was the first thinker to introduce this idea.

It is not known for sure exactly why the earth itself behaves like a magnetic. The configuration of the Earth’s magnetic field is like that of a strong bar magnet. It has an outer rocky mantel almost 3000km deep. Below that,is the liquid part of the core about 2000 km thick,which surrounds the solid centre. Most scientists think that the motion of charges in the liquid part of Earth’s core creates the magnetic field.

The motion of charges in the liquid part of Earth's core creates the magnetic field because of its great size,the speed of the moving charges looping around within the earth needs only to be somewhat less than a thousandth of metre per second. Some scientists think that these currents are caused by earth's rotation. This idea is supported by many facts. Jupiter, which has 10 hour day,has much stronger magnetic field than the earth while moon which rotates once in 28 days ,has a very weak magnetic field.

Another likely source of earth's magnetism may be heat,rising from the earth's central core. This heat may be the cause of generation of convection currents of molten material in the liquid part of the earth's core.

The motion of ions and electrons in this molten material would produce an electric current through the earth's core. The rotation of the earth's core like a disc produces the earth's magnetic field in the same manner as self -exciting dynamo.

In geological history,an unsteady flow of heat might have caused a subsiding and momentary ceasing of convention currents,resulting in a collapse of earth's magnetic field. Regeneration of heat would have again caused convention currents but not necessarily in the same direction. If the convention currents reversed,the earth's magnetic field would also reversed.