Question

How does earthquake affect distance of the building from the epicenter?

Answer 1

hi friend..here's your answer.
This question is not as simple as one might think. Defining the attribute of interest is the first problem (are you interested in maximum ground offset, wave energy, or only damage to structures?). 

But even with a good definition (say, where is the maximum ground offset half of that at the epicenter?), the question cannot be answered in a generic fashion. Waves propogate differently in different materials. The geometry of the boundaries between different materials is also important. The more homogenous the rocks, the better the waves propogate, and the more heterogenous the rocks, the more the waves are attenuated. For example, a magnitude 7 earthquake on the New Madrid fault system could probably be felt along the entire eastern seaboard, but a magnitude 7 in the San Francisco area will not be felt in LA. There are also secondary effects, such as liquifaction and the tendency of sedimentary basins to amplify shaking.

In summary, the reason geologists do not already speak in terms of a spatial half-life for a given size of earthquake, is that the earth is too complicated for such a quantity to be defined.
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