How does endoplasmic reticulum help in transporting materials across the cell?
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ER has folds and two surfaces with one facing outside and one facing inside and there's a null space in between.
The ER is studded with various transport proteins and gated channels that allow for the transport of specific ions and molecules or proteins inside and outside the cell. This can be done actively by use of carrier proteins or passively by timed opening of channels to specific ions.
These channels vary in size and specificity and allow only certain ions to travel through them. Transport proteins in cell bring the proteins to ER and same way from the other side.
It also provides a physical boundary and confinement to cell and has gap junctions to communicate with other cells above and to the sides. It provides a physical barrier as well and prevents harmful compounds or pathogens from just waltzing into the cell.
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