How does ferderalism present and active ideology in India?
Answers
Answer:
Though India is considered as a federation, the nature and
working of Indian federalism become much discussed and
debated issue whether India is a federation or not. Federal
theorists from different federal approaches have defined
Indian federalism in different ways. Among these K.C.
Wheare mentioned India as „quasi-federal,‟ “[…] a unitary
state with subsidiary federal features rather than a federal
state with subsidiary unitary features” (1951: 28). Paul
Appleby (1953) characterised India as „extremely federal,‟
Morris Jones (1960) described it as „bargaining federalism,‟
Ivor Jennings termed it as „federation with strong
centralising tendencies‟ (1953; 1). Edward McWhinney
analysed it as „essentially unitary‟ (1966: 132), whereas
Granville Austin (1966) defined it as „cooperative
federalism.‟ D.D. Basu remarked, “[…] India is basically
federal, but, of course, with striking unitary features” (1985:
50). C.H. Alexandrowicz mentioned „India is a case of sui
generis‟ (1957: 157-170). Different scholars have a different
understanding of the nature and working of Indian
federalism, where many scholars from the constitutional
perspective refused to recognise India as a federation. In
this context, Granville Austin in his work The Indian
Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation remarked, “India had
unique problem […] that had not „confronted other
federations in history‟. These could not be solved by
recourse to theory because federalism was not a definite
concept and lacked a stable meaning” (1966:186). Indian
federalism can be seen as a unique experimental model of
federalism. From constitutional perspective India is a
parliamentary federation with republican nature and
centralized federation that makes a strong centre by vesting
so much power to the union. India is a parliamentary
federation with a significant distinction between
„constitutional form and operational reality‟ (Watts,
2006:202). After 70th years of its thriving political
democracy, though there have not been any significant
Answer:
MARK ME BRAINLIST
Explanation:
Federalism in India refers to relations between the Centre and the States of the Union of India. The Constitution of India establishes the structure of the Indian government. Part XI of the Indian constitution specifies the distribution of legislative, administrative and executive powers between the union government and the States of India.The legislative powers are categorised under a Union List, a State List and a Concurrent List, representing, respectively, the powers conferred upon the Union government, those conferred upon the State governments and powers shared among them.
This federalism is symmetrical in that the devolved powers of the constituent units are envisioned to be the same. Historically, the state of Jammu and Kashmir was accorded a status different than other States owing to an explicitly temporary provision of the Indian Constitution namely Article 370 (which was revoked by the Parliament in 2019).Union territories are unitary type, directly governed by the Union government. Article 1 (1) of the constitution stipulates two tier-governance with an additional local elected government. Delhi and Puducherry were accorded legislatures under Article 239AA and 239A, respectively.
The fundamental rights of citizens are the same throughout India.