How does graphite conduct electricity?
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Because its fourth electron is free. So
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In graphite structure, two of them make two single (sigma) bonds while the other pair form a double bond (consists of one sigma and one pi bond). Electron that forms pi bond is freer to travel between atoms compared to the others and is theoretically associated with all adjacent atoms (imagine the 3d structure of graphite) rather than a single atom.Electric current is basically the flow of charged particles (ions and electrons, but electric currents in everyday life can simply be defined as flow of electrons). If graphite is exposed to an electric current in a circuit, "the pi electrons" which are already traveling between carbon atoms that forms the graphite structure begin to flow through the circuit and leave the structure from one point of connection between graphite and the circuit. At the same time, other electrons come via the other connection point to replace them as new delocalized electrons. So, the new delocalized electrons simply come from the current.
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