Question

how does high child mortality rate affect the population growth ? explain​

Answer 1

1. The demographic transition from high to low levels of fertility and mortality is a defining characteristic of the development process. Historically, the precise timing of both the fertility and mortality transitions has varied considerably. Furthermore, there are important questions as to how fertility and mortality interact during this process. The writings of Thomas R. Malthus (1830) are an early example of this inquiry. One area of particular interest has been the relationship of birth rates to infant and early childhood mortality, which has occasioned a number of studies on developing nations since World War II (e.g., Hobcraft et al., 1985; Potter, 1988; Lloyd and Ivanov, 1988). There has also been some inquiry into the historical experience of European nations that have passed through the demographic transition (for a survey, see Galloway et al., in this volume), notably in the context of the European Fertility Project (e.g., van de Walle, 1986) and other projects using micro-data sources (e.g., Knodel, 1988:Chap. 14). Finally, there has been some work on more recent history of developing nations (Pampel and Pillai, 1986).
2. Much of the recent interest has centered on the following questions: Might exogenously caused declines in infant and child death rates induce partially orwholly offsetting declines in birth rates? Or will mortality-reducing programs, valuable in and of themselves, simply exacerbate already high rates of population growth? These questions form the focus in this volume.
3. There is, however, the complicating issue of reverse causality (or endogeneity). Lower (or higher) mortality might induce lower (or higher) fertility, but it is well established that higher birth rates lead to higher infant and child mortality. This higher mortality is related to the effect on infants and children of earlier weaning and reduced care from mothers. When the evidence is simply bivariate in nature (as the zero-order correlations used to an extent in this chapter), the causal paths cannot be disentangled.
4. The effect of mortality on population structures is to reduce the component of the population in which the mortality occurs. ... The effect of this is to raise the population in the upper age groups substantially. Women have higher life expectancy than men wherever they live.
5. Generally speaking, when the TFR is greater than 2.1, the population in a given area will increase, and when it is less than 2.1, the population in a given area will eventually decrease, though it may take some time because factors such as age structure, emigration, or immigration must be considered.