How does inert pair effect affect thallium?
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The inert pair effect is found in heavier p-block elements, and it is described as their tendency to "keep hold" of their s electrons.If thallium was willing to give away all its valence electrons (s and p) we would see Tl(III), but instead it exists almost exclusively in the Tl(I) oxidation state.
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Inert Pair Effect:
The reluctance of the valence electrons or ns2 electrons of heavier elements of p-block to take part in bond formation is called inert pair effect
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