Question

How does latitude affect the climate in the communities of Ottawa?

Answer 1

The sun's net radiation is proportional to the sine of the latitude +/- the declination. The declination is + 23.5 at the summer solstice, - 23.5 at the winter solstice, and 0 at both equinoxes.

From that, you know that the more north you go from the equator, the less sun energy you get and the colder it will be.

But the picture is more complex: Ottawa has a continental climate. It means that the winter is colder and the summer is warmer than e.g. Vancouver, which has a maritime climate; the ocean being the great temperature regulator.