Question

How does particle nature of light explain photoelectric effect?

Answer 1

The photoelectric effect supports a particle theory of light in that it behaves like an elastic collision (one that conserves mechanical energy) between two particles, the photon of light and the electron of the metal.

If you shine light on a metal of any intensity with energy below the binding energy of an electron, no electrons from the metal will be ejected. As soon as the frequency of light is high enough such that the energy exceeds the binding energy, the electron from the metal can be knocked off the metal.

If the energy of the photon that hits the metal is hυ , then energy will be conserved in the collision so that

hυ = BE + KE(electron)

The energy before the collision is  hυ. The minimum amount of energy needed to eject the electron is the binding energy,  BE. However much  hυ exceeds the binding energy will be the kinetic energy  K E  of the ejected electron.

Conservation of energy in collisions is particle like behavior and thus the photoelectric effect supports light's particle like behavior.

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Answer 2

Solution :-

Particle nature of light can be verified by photoelectric experiment.

Let us suppose light to be a wave then, when it is incident on a metal surface and interact with electrons, it will take time to provide energy to the electrons and also, any intensity of the incident wave is able to provide sufficient energy to electrons (though less intensity waves might take time), so that electrons emit out of the metal surface.

But actually it doesn't happens,

The case is that there is negligible time lag between photon collisions with metal and photoelectron emission irrespective of intensity of incident light.(Incident light intensity should be greater than threshold frequency of the metal)

This proves that light show particle nature or, quantum nature.

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