How does psychological and sociology contribute to the field of ob?
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6 Contributing Disciplines to the Organization Behavior Field are:
Psychology.Sociology.Social Psychology.Economics.Anthropology.Political Sciences.
Psychology
Psychology has perhaps the first influence on the because it is a science of behavior. A psychologist studies almost all aspects Of behavior.
Psychology deals with studying human behavior that seeks to explain and sometimes change the behavior’of humans and other animals.
Psychologists are primarily interested in predicting the behavior of individuals to a great extent by observing the dynamics of personal factors.
Those who have contributed and continued to add to the knowledge of OB are teaching theorists, personality theorists, counseling psychologists and primary, industrial and organizational psychologist.
Some of the numerous areas of interest within the disciplines of psychology are:
General PsychologyExperimental PsychologyClinical PsychologyConsumer PsychologyPersonality and Social PsychologyIndustrial PsychologyCounseling PsychologyEducational PsychologyConsulting Psychology
Understanding Psychological principles and its models help significantly in gaining the knowledge of determinants of individual behavior such as
the learning process,motivation techniques,personality determinants and development,perceptual process and its implications,training process,leadership effectiveness,job satisfaction,individual decision making,performance appraisal,attitude measurement,employee selection,job design and work stress.
Sociology
The major focus of sociologists is on studying the social systems in which individuals fill their roles. The focus is on group dynamics.
They have made their greatest contribution to OB through their study of group behavior in organization, particularly formal and sophisticated organizations.
Sociological concepts, theories, models, and techniques help significantly to understand better the group dynamics, organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, corporate technology, bureaucracy, communications, power, conflict, and intergroup behavior.
Psychologists are primarily interested in focusing their attention on the individual behavior.
Key concepts of Sociology are;
Most sociologists today identify the discipline by using one of the three statements:
Sociology deals with human interaction arid this communication are the key influencing factor among people in social settings.Sociology is a study of plural behavior. Two or more interacting individuals constitute a plurality pattern of behaviorSociology is the systematic study of social systems:
A social system is an operational social unit that is structured to serve a purpose.
It consists of two or more persons of different status with various roles playing a part in a pattern that is sustained by a physical and cultural base.
When analyzing organizing as a social system, the following elements exist:
People or actorsActs or BehaviorEnds or GoalsNorms, rules, or regulation controlling conduct or behaviorBeliefs held by people as actorsStatus and status relationshipsAuthority or power to influence other actorsRole expectations, role performances, and role relationships.
Therefore, organizations are viewed by sociologies as consists of a variety of people with different roles, status, and degree of authority.
The organization attempts to achieve certain generalized and specific objectives.
To attain some of the abstract ends such as the development of company loyalty, the organization’s leaders appeal to the shared cultural base.
Social Psychology
It has been defined as the scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied the presence of others.
It deals with how people are affected by other individuals who are physically present or who are imagined to be present or even whose presence is implied.
In general, sociology focuses on how groups, organizations, social categories, and societies are organized, how they function, how they change.
The unit of analysis is the group as a whole rather than the individuals who compose the group.
Social Psychology deals with many of the same phenomena but seeks to explain whole individual human interaction and human cognition influences culture and is influenced by culture.
The unit of analysis is the individual within the group.
In reality, some forms of sociology are closely related to social psychology.
Social Psychologists study an enormous range of topics including conformity, persuasion, power, influence, obedience, prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping, sexism and racism, small groups, social categories, inter-group behavior, crowd behavior, social conflict, social change, decision making, etc.
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Psychology and sociology go hand in hand – they are both the scientific study of people. Both help people understand the dynamics of emotions, relationships and behaviors better. There are several significant differences, though, and each role with their complexities and nuances is important and notable.
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