How does the constitution seek seek to balance powers between the centre and the state?what were the recommendations of the state reorganization commission?
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Answer:
The Constitution was enacted in 1789. By the early 1800s, when Chief Justice John Marshall led the Supreme Court, the Court started hearing cases involving federalism. These Court opinions greatly shaped federal and state relations. The decisions defined the balance of power. During the Marshall era, the Court upheld the Constitution's message regarding national supremacy. The Court regularly struck down state laws in favor of federal power.
For example, in 1819, the Supreme Court decided one of the most famous cases on federalism still to date. This case is McCulloch v. Maryland, and it further expanded federal power. The Court struck down a Maryland law that required taxes on all banks not chartered in that state, but Congress had recently established a federal bank. As a result, Maryland's law was an attempt to tax the federal government, and that law was declared unconstitutional.
Just five years later, the Court decided Gibbons v. Ogden. This was the Court's first case involving the Commerce Clause. This clause gives Congress the exclusive power to regulate commerce, or business, between the states.
In the Gibbons case, a New York state law gave New Yorkers the exclusive right to operate steamboats in that state. New York charged a fee to navigate the waters between New York and New Jersey. The Court again sided with the federal government when declaring that law unconstitutional and ruling that the states had no right to regulate interstate commerce. As a result, the Court further extended the federal government's powers