How does the existing climatic condition and terrain of Sikkim affects the lifestyle of the people living there in terms of food, clothing, occupation, and vegetation
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Climate change is one of the major environmental threats facing the world. Studies have shown that
Indian sub-continent is likely to experience a warming of over 3-5°C, increased flood and drought
frequency and intensity. Forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services. However, climate is one
of the most important determinants of vegetation patterns globally and thus climate change can significantly
alter the distribution, structure and ecology of forests. Forest type distribution, carbon stocks or emissions
and climate change are interlinked processes. Deforestation and land degradation contributes to about 20% of
global CO2 emissions and forest sector provides a large opportunity to mitigate climate change, particularly
through the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) mechanism. This chapter
presents an assessment of climate variability and climate change impacts on forest ecosystems of Sikkim
using dynamic global vegetation modeling. Climatic variables like precipitation and temperature were taken
into consideration to understand the past and current trends. The drought and flood data were also assessed
to understand the recent trends. The study shows that the forest sector in Sikkim is unlikely to be adversely
impacted by climate change in the short- and medium-term. But keeping in mind the various model limitations,
there is a need for multiple climate scenarios and vegetation model-based assessment of climate change impacts
at decentralized levels. Critical evaluation of the current national as well as state policies, programmes and
capacity of institutions are required that will help in increasing resilience of forests.
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