Question

how does the government ensure right to equality for all citizens

Answer 1

There are different provision in Constitution to ensure equality of all citizens:-

Fundamental rights that ensure the equality for a person irrespective of their caste,creed,religion etc. It brings a sense of political and social equality.

DPSP is a moral obligation over executive and it have provision regarding equality in the economic sense like fair and wages etc.

Then fundamental duties, which a moral and obligation over citizens which have a provision like respect others privacy (actually it is not mention in exact terms but you can interpret this).

4.Right to vote, freedom of movement etcs.