Question

how does the government provide health care to poor

Answer 1

Healthcare in India

India's constitution guarantees free healthcare for all its citizens,[1] but in practice the private healthcare sector is a responsible for the majority of healthcare in India, and most healthcare expenses are paid out of pocket by patients and their families, rather than through insurance.[2] All government hospitals are to provide healthcare free of cost.[1]

Healthcare systemEdit

Public healthcare

Public healthcare is free for those,who are below the poverty line.[3] The public health sector encompasses 18% of total outpatient care and 44% of total inpatient care.[4] Middle and upper class individuals tend to use public healthcare less than those with a lower standard of living.[5] Additionally, females and elderly use public services more.[5] The public health care system was originally developed in order to provide a means to healthcare access regardless of socioeconomic status.[6]However, reliance on public and private healthcare sectors varies significantly between states. Several reasons are cited for relying on the private rather than public sector; the main reason at the national level is poor quality of care in the public sector, with more than 57% of households pointing to this as the reason for a preference for private health care.[7] Most of the public healthcare caters to the rural areas; and the poor quality arises from the reluctance of experienced healthcare providers to visit the rural areas. Consequently, the majority of the public healthcare system catering to the rural and remote areas relies on inexperienced and unmotivated interns who are mandated to spend time in public healthcare clinics as part of their curricular requirement. Other major reasons are distance of the public sector facility, long wait times, and inconvenient hours of operation.[7]
Different factors related to public healthcare are divided between the state and national government systems in terms of making decisions, as the national government addresses broadly applicable healthcare issues such as overall family welfare and prevention of major diseases, while the state governments handle aspects such as local hospitals, public health, promotion and sanitation, which differ from state to state based on the particular communities involved.[6] Interaction between the state and national governments does occur for healthcare issues that require larger scale resources or present a concern to the country as a whole.[6]
Considering the goal of obtaining universal health care as part of Sustainable Development Goals, scholars request policy makers to acknowledge the form of healthcare the many are using. Scholars state that the government has a responsibility to provide health services that are affordable, adequate, new and acceptable for its citizens.[5] Public healthcare is very necessary, especially when considering the costs incurred with private services. Many citizens rely on subsidized healthcare.[5] The national budget, scholars argue, must allocate money to the public health sector to ensure the poor are not left with the stress of meeting private sector payments.[5]
Following the 2014 election which brought Prime Minister Narendra Modi to office, the government unveiled plans for a nationwide universal health care system known as the National Health Assurance Mission, which would provide all citizens with free drugs, diagnostic treatments, and insurance for serious ailments.[8] In 2015, implementation of a universal health care system was delayed due to budgetary concerns.[9] In April 2018 the government announced the Aayushman Bharat scheme that aims to cover up to Rs. 5 lakh to 100,000,000 vulnerable families (approximately 500,000,000 persons – 40% of the country’s population). This will cost will cost around $1.7 billion each year. Provision would be through private providers.[10]

Private healthcare

Answer 2

Universal Healthcare Coverage in Thailand is recommended