Question

how does the latitudinal extent effect the duration of day and night of a place

Answer 1

On the equator, the latitude is 0 degrees. As you move from the equator towards the poles, the latitude increases (up to 90 degrees). The further you go from the equator in any direction, the difference between the duration of the day and night in different times of the year will be bigger.

Answer 2

It means that the geographical latitude (the distance from the equator) affects how long days and nights are. The equator is an imaginary horizontal line which crosses the Earth in the middle. On the equator, the latitude is 0 degrees. As you move from the equator towards the poles, the latitude increases (up to 90 degrees). The further you go from the equator in any direction, the difference between the duration of the day and night in different times of the year will be bigger.

On the equator, each day and night last for exactly 12 hours at any time of the year. On the North and South Pole, the Sun rises and sets only once a year, so you have 6 months of light and 6 months of darkness. Between these extreme points there are various combinations. For example, if you live in northern Norway, you will not see the Sun for about 3-4 months during the winter, but it will never set in the summer. Where I live, the longest day of the year lasts about 15 hours and the shortest one about 9 hours.