How does the movement of the diaphragm cause the air to go in and out of the lung?
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When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. The intercostal muscles between your ribs also help enlarge the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale.
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The diaphragm movements let the air in and it also helps to make them go out of the lung because it alters the pulmonary pressure due to its movement, this pressure difference causes the air movement to travel in and leave the respiratory system.
Breathing activity is a pressure driven activity between the pulmonary cavity and the external atmosphere. The thoracic cavity is guarded by the intercostal muscles and it also encloses the diaphragm. The contraction of both these muscles and its relaxation causes its volume to differ thereby causing pressure variation.
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