how does the position of the handle in a door affect the force applied to open or shut the door
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Answer:
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Answer:
A net force on an object likes to act through the centre of mass of that object; in this case, the middle of the door. Apply a force to the centre of mass and it will accelerate uniformly because there is an even amount of matter on all opposing sides that can resist the motion with an even amount of inertia. If a force is applied off the centre of mass, it will cause rotations because there is now one side that contributes more inertia (and so is more resistive to change in motion) than its opposing side. The opposing side, therefore, accelerates faster and the result is rotation. However, you still only have one applied force and the total acceleration applied to the centre of mass must obey Newton's Second Law. So if one side is accelerating faster than the centre of mass, the other side must accelerate slower (or even backwards sometimes) to compensate. That is for a free object (not fixed by a hinge or anything).
For the door, it's very similar except that the hinge end cannot move. If you apply force at the hinge, it won't rotate because all of that force will be opposed by the wall to prevent the hinge from moving, so the door won't move. As the applied force moves away from the hinge, the process I described in the above paragraph kicks in. The more of the door is on the same side of the force as the hinge, the more inertia that side produces and the slower it accelerates. Again, because the hinge can't move, it provides an opposing force. But if that side accelerates slower, then the opposing force decreases and your net force increases (that means the door becomes easier to accelerate). As you move to the other end of the door, the hinge can actually gain the desire to accelerate backwards (like I described above), so the opposing force would push back in the same direction as the applied force.
Explanation:
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