Question

How does the smog formed in our environment ?

Answer 1

smog is a type of air pollution produced when sunlight acts upon motor vehicle exhaust gases to form harmful substances such as ozone (O3), aldehydes and peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN).
Photochemical smog formation requires the following conditions:

a still, sunny day
temperature inversion (pollutants accumulate in the lower inversion layer)


Ozone causes breathing difficulties, headaches, fatigue and can aggrevate respiratory problems.

The peroxyacetylnitrate (CH3CO-OO-NO2) in photochemical smog can irritate the eyes, causing them to water and sting.

Ozone Production

Motor vehicles produce exhaust gases containing oxides of nitrogen such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO).

At the high temperatures of the car's combustion chamber (cylinder), nitrogen and oxygen from the air react to form nitric oxide (NO):

N2(g) + O2(g) -----> 2NO(g)
Some of the nitric oxide (NO) reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2):

2NO(g) + O2(g) -----> 2NO2(g)
The mixture of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is sometimes referred to as NOx.

When the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration is well above clean air levels and there is plenty of sunlight, then an oxygen atom splits off from the nitrogen dioxide molecule:

NO2(g)
sunlight
---------->
NO(g)
+
O(g)
This oxygen atom (O) can react with oxygen molecules (O2) in the air to form ozone (O3):

O + O2 -----> O3
Peroxyacetylnitrate Production

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), oxygen (O2) and hydrocarbons (unburnt petrol) react in the presence of sunlight to produce peroxyacetylnitrate (CH3CO-OO-NO2):

NO2(g) + O2(g) + hydrocarbons
sunlight
---------->
CH3CO-OO-NO2(g)

Answer 2

The atmospheric pollutants or gases that form smog are released in the air when fuels are burnt.When sunlight and its heat react with these gases and fine particles in the atmosphere,smog is formed.It is purely caused by air pollution.

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