how does tourism help in stopping the migration of people from underdevelop area? explain.
Answers
viii Tourism and Migration – Exploring the Relationship between Two Global PhenomenaThere are however some negative aspects and consequences (both real and perceived) of the relationship between tourism and migration, such as ‘brain drain’ and reduction in tax revenues in origin countries and wage deflation and social tension in destination countries. Nevertheless, it can be argued that these all represent opportunities that can be harnessed by the public and private sectors, although in some cases there is a lack of data available to quantify the opportunity. This means that there is a need to improve data capture through the adoption of common standards, especially in relation to VFR tourism and non-resident return visits, and in the short-term through targeted research and enhanced data collection in selected countries.In both origin and destination countries, there is an opportunity to better understand migrant profiles in order to inform marketing strategy. In origin countries, enhanced planning could lead to more effective investment and facilitate the return of highly skilled migrants. In destination countries which are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), enhanced understanding of tourism gaps in the labour market could lead to changes in immigration policy and visa arrangements, which would benefit the tourism sector, increase tax revenues and help to alleviate poverty in Least Development Countries (LDC).In 2005, the Global Commission on International Migration published a report that encouraged states to maximise positive outcomes of international migration. However, whilst the report included more than 50 references to services (in particular services to be provided to migrants), the tourism-related services are mentioned twice in the context of migrant women and “migrants with irregular status”. At the same time, the Commission emphasised the importance of remittances, which are a focus of the present report in the context of tourism. In fact, remittances from migrants (US$ 303 billion in 2006, World Bank (WB)) and tourism receipts (US$ 742 billion in 2006, UNWTO) nourish daily the world markets and make viable the economic sustainability of the richest and some of the poorest nations in the world. This present report attempts therefore to contribute to the ongoing debate and research on the contribution of tourism and migrations to sustainable development. An important aspect of research will be to focus on the relationship between tourism and migration with respect to the generation of value added. Case studies in part facilitate this task. The report presents the conceptual framework for the analysis of linkages between migrations and tourism and the data on workers’ remittances and tourism. It further looks into features and trends of tourism and migration including social, societal and cultural impacts of MLT, national and regional policies in this area. Case studies of China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Philippines, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America and Central America illustrate themes and indicate findings, which are the basis of recommendations.In the course of this study the following key questions are considered:1. What is the economic impact of emigration on tourism in origin countries?2. What contribution to the tourism economy is made by immigrant workers in destination countries?3. What investments are made in tourism in origin countries as a result of emigration?4. What trends can be identified in tourism-related migration and migration-related tourism?This study focuses on the implications of migration for tourism. Drawing on this framework, a series of conclusions, presented as specific recommendations, have emerged through an analysis of case studies.