Question

how does yeast make the spongy texture of the bread

Answer 1

Yeast uses the sugar and oxygen in the dough to multiply and produce more yeast cells and carbon dioxide
And this produced carbon dioxide makes the bread to swell and become spongy in texture

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Answer 2

Hi here is your answer,
yeast is added to the dough of bread ,cake etc The yeast releases carbon dioxide which increases the dough. This dough when bake it in heat releases carbon dioxide out the escape of carbon dioxide makes the texture of the bread soft and porus( spongy).