How El Nino is formed? What is the cause of this phenomenal formation?
A) The Cold Peruvian current turning to hot current and pressure variations occur in Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Sea temperatures are hotter than usual.
B) Pacific Oscillation. Sea temperatures are colder than usual.
C) Hot current turning to cold current.
D) Because of trade winds variations.
Answers
Explanation:
During an El Niño event, the surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become significantly warmer than usual. That change is intimately tied to the atmosphere and to the winds blowing over the vast Pacific. Easterly trade winds (which blow from the Americas toward Asia) falter and can even turn around into westerlies. This allows great masses of warm water to slosh from the western Pacific toward the Americas. It also reduces the upwelling of cooler, nutrient-rich waters from the deep—shutting down or reversing ocean currents along the equator and along the west coast of South and Central America.
The circulation of the air above the tropical Pacific Ocean responds to this tremendous redistribution of ocean heat. The typically strong high-pressure systems of the eastern Pacific weaken, thus changing the balance of atmospheric pressure across the eastern, central, and western Pacific. While easterly winds tend to be dry and steady, Pacific westerlies tend to come in bursts of warmer, moister air.