how electron withdraw ing grup enhance acidic strength of phenol.
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Any substituent which stabilizes the phenoxide ion more by dispersal of negative charge will tend to increase the acidity of phenols. Electron withdrawing groups such as NO2,CN etc. which stabilize the phenoxide ion by dispersing the negative charge relative to phenol increase the acidic strength of phenols.
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A strong electron withdrawing group will stabilise the phenolate making the phenol more acidic whereas a strong electron donor will destabilise the phenolate making the phenol less acidic. A nitro group is strongly withdrawing due to resonance, a chloro group is weakly electron withdrawing due to inductive effects.
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