Question

how energy is obtained from oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and protein ?..​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Solution:

Explanation:

(1) First of all the dietary carbohydrates are digested in the digestive system with the help of various enzymes and converted into glucose. Similarly, proteins are converted into amino acids and fats are broken down into fatty aid and glycerol (alcohol). <br> (2) Oxidation of carbohydrates takes place during cellular respiration. Glucose is oxidized by three steps during aerobic respiration, viz. glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle and electron transfer chain. <br> (3) From one molecule of glucose two molecules of each pyruvic acid ATP NADH and water are formed during glycolysis. Pyruvic acid ' ' 2 which is formed in this process is converted into Acetyl-Coenzyme-A along with release of two molecules each of. <br> (4) In the next step, i.e. in TCA cycle, molecules of Acetyl-Co-A enter the mitochondria and a cyclic chain of reactions take place. Acetyl part of Acetyl-Co-A is completely oxidized through this cyclical Process The moleculesare released in this . 2' 2 ' 2' 2 process. <br> (5) In third step, i.e. in ETC reaction,formed during first two steps are used for obtaining ATP molecules. 3 molecules of ATP are obtained from eachmolecule and 2 molecules of ATP from each. <br> (6) Thus, one molecule of glucose upon complete oxidation in presence of oxygen yields 38 molecules of ATP. This is how from carbohydrates, energy is obtained. <br> (7) If carbohydrates are insufficient in diet, then proteins or lipids are used for energy production. Fatty acids derived from fats and amino acids derived from proteins are converted into Acetyl-Co-A. Acetyl-Co-A once again can yield energy through TCA cycle.