Question

How far did the political measures and reforms of Abdul Malik help the Umayyads to retain their power? ​

Answer 1

Answer:

ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam; July/August 644 or June/July 647 – 9 October 705) was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 until his death.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

5

Explanation:

5 years political stategy