How foes the pheriphera system works?explain it.
Answers
There is a lot to learn about the nervous system and the pathologies associated with it. What we do know is that there are two nervous systems in the human body, and they relate to each other. The first is the central nervous system, which includes the brain and the spinal cord. The second nervous system, known as the peripheral nervous system, contains all the nerves in the body that lie outside of the spinal cord and brain. These two systems communicate with each other to make sure our body parts, such as our fingers, can send signals to the central nervous system for processing in our brains.
Parts of Peripheral Nervous System
The peripheral nervous system consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Some of those nerve pairs are exclusively sensory cells, such as cells that detect information like smell and vision. Others are exclusively motor cells, like the eyeballs and hearing. Also, there are nerve pairs that have both sensory and motor cells, such as those involved in taste and some aspects of swallowing.
Sensory cells carry messages to the central nervous system. Motor cells carry the signal from the central nervous system to the internal organs, muscles, and glands in the periphery or the outer edges of the body. Both types of cells travel together to the spinal cord, but then they separate into two areas. One area is called the posterior sensory root, and the other is called the anterior sensory root.
The motor nerve cells are either somatic or autonomic. The somatic nerve cells carry messages from the outer areas of the body having to do with the senses. It is like a passageway from the environment to the central nervous system. That seems simple compared to the autonomic cells because the autonomic nerve cells are divided into three separate divisions called the parasympathetic, the sympathetic, and the enteric divisions.
These divisions are named by the functions that they are involved in throughout the body. This will be discussed later in detail in the lesson, but as a sneak preview, here is a brief description for each division. The parasympathetic division is involved with slowing body functions, while the sympathetic division increases body functions. The enteric division is involved with all the functions in the gastrointestinal areas, such as the pancreas and the gallbladder.
Function of Peripheral Nervous System
The primary role of the peripheral nervous system is to connect the central nervous system to the organs, limbs, and skin to allow for complex movements and behaviors. Let's talk about the sensory somatic system first. Sensory cells carry messages to the central nervous system. An example would be heat or cold (known as a stimulus) felt on the skin of the fingers. The sensory receptors in the skin carry the heat or cold stimulus to the central nervous system. After being processed by the central nervous system, the somatic motor cells take the signal to the skeleton and sensory organs like the skin. These somatic cells are sometimes called voluntary because the person has control over most of these areas. The responses sent from the central nervous system are known by the individual, so the individual is conscious of the response.