how fractional distillation works according to class 9th
Answers
Fractional distillation works by using the fact that molecules of different sizes have different boiling points. Generally, the smaller a molecule, the lower its boiling point. When heating up a mixture of molecules, the lowest boiling compound will boil off first. While the compound is boiling, the temperature of the mixture will not increase above the lowest boiling point substance in the mixture as all the energy being put into the system is used to break intermolecular bonds and produce a gas. Once all of a substance boils off, then the tempertature of the mixture will increase to the next lowest boiling point and the process repeats again.
Fractional distillation is the process of taking a mixture of chemicals and using heat to seperate out the various components in that mixture. Because heat is used in this seperation process, flash point or heating point plays an important role in this process.
Few fractional distillation apparatuses are required for the process. It includes distilling flask, condenser, receiver, fractional column thermometer and heat source.
After setting up the apparatus, a mixture of two miscible liquids A and B is taken where A has more volatility than B. The solution is added to the distilling flask while the fractional column is connected at the tip of the flask. Heat is applied which increases the temperature slowly. The mixture then starts to boil and vapour starts to rise in the flask. The vapours are from the volatile component A. The vapour then starts moving through the fractionating column into the condenser where it is cooled down to get back the liquid state of A from its gaseous or vapourous form, which is then collected in the receiver.
Throughout the process, vapourization and condensation takes placed repeatedly until the two mixtures get seperated completely.
Hope this helps you. Please mark me as brainliest........