How germination influences the yield of any crop
Answers
Answer:
Seed germination is one of the most crucial phases in the plant growth and development, and is under the tight regulation of phy-mediated light signaling as well as two hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA), that function antagonistically. Under unfavorable conditions, ABA maintains seed dormancy, while GA promotes the seed germination in response to favorable environmental conditions. Light-dependent activation of phys promotes biosynthesis of GA and represses ABA biosynthesis (Paik and Huq, 2019). PIF1 and PIF8, two of the downstream signaling components of phys, are repressors of seed germination under dark conditions. PIF1 represses the seed germination either directly or indirectly through inhibition of GA signaling pathway. However, in response to light illumination, phys translocate to the nucleus and degrade PIF1 and PIF8, relieving the repression, which results in seed germination (Oh et al., 2020; Legris et al., 2019). The light-induced promotion of seed germination ensures that seeds are germinated under favorable environmental conditions for increased survival.
Molecular mechanisms of seed germination
Pham Anh Tuan, ... Belay T. Ayele, in Sprouted Grains, 2019
1.3 Conclusions and perspectives
Seed germination is a crucial process that influences crop yield and quality. Therefore, understanding the molecular aspects of seed dormancy and germination is of a great significance for the improvement of crop yield and quality. Significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of plant hormones, mainly ABA and GA, in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination in dicot species; however, this phenomenon is scarcely studied in cereals. Therefore, further study is required to identify the molecular features involved in the regulation of the metabolic and signaling aspects of different plant hormones, and therefore seed dormancy and germination in cereals. In addition, the roles of other regulatory factors, such as epigenetic and posttranscriptional regulations of gene expression in controlling dormancy and germination of cereal seeds remain to be clarified.