Question

How had the female figure become on allegory of nation during 19th century in Europe?

Answer 1

While it is easy enough to represent a ruler through a portrait or astatue, how does one go about giving a face to a nation? Artists inthe eighteenth and nineteenth centuries found a way out bypersonifying a nation. In other words they represented a country asif it were a person. Nations were then portrayed as female figures.The female form that was chosen to personify the nation did notstand for any particular woman in real life; rather it sought to givethe abstract idea of the nation a concrete form. That is, the femalefigure became an allegory of the nation.
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Answer 2

Explanation:

In the 19th century in Europe, the female figures became an allegory of the nation in the following ways.

The artists, in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe, wanted to represent a country, as if it was a person. In other words, they wanted to personify the nation. Nations were represented as female figures. The female form did not belong to any particular woman in real life. It was an abstract idea, which gave the nation a concrete form. The female figure became an allegory of a nation.

In France, the female form was given the name of Marianne, which represented the nation. Her characteristics were red cap, the tricolour and the cockade, drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic.

Similarly, Germania became the allegory of the German nation. Germania wears a crown of oak leaves because oak stands for heroism.