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How has biotechnology helped diabetic patients?
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Le mot duabilehow has biotechnology helped diabetic patients ​

Answer 1

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Answer 2

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TYPE 1 DIABETES

Cell therapy has the potential to replace the cells damaged by type 1 diabetes, and Evotec and Sanofi have proof-of-concept for their stem cell-derived beta cells.

Imcyse has developed Imotopes, peptides that stimulate CD4+ T cells to kill immune cells that are attacking the pancreas, to cure type 1 diabetes. It has started a Phase I clinical trial with results expected at the end of 2018, and the company has already received approval for a Phase Ib trial.

Neovacs, based in Paris, began work on clinical proof-of-concept for its type 1 diabetes vaccine this year and plans to start clinical development in 2018. The company previously focused on Lupus, and similarities between the two conditions led it to branch out.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of the disease, is when the body does not use insulin effectively – also known as insulin resistance. The pancreas produces more insulin to make up for this, but it cannot keep up, which leads to hyperglycemia. Glucose begins to build up in the blood, causing cells to be starved of energy, which leads to problems in the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart.

Two Swedish biotechs, Betagenon and Baltic Bio, have developed an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, which suppresses energy consumption to restore balance. So far, the candidate has achieved promising results during a Phase IIa study.

Novo Nordisk’s candidate, semaglutide, outperformed Eli Lilly’s dulaglutide during a Phase III trial. Both target GLP-1 – the most coveted type 2 target – but semaglutide controlled glucose levels and better than its rival. Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand are chasing down Novo with their dual glucagon and GLP-1 agonist, which has started Phase I.

Novartis is testing MorphoSys’ monoclonal antibody in a Phase II trial, to see if it could be used to treat type 2 diabetes. It was developed for the treatment of sarcopenia – age-related loss of skeletal muscle – but its target, myostatin, has been implicated in the prevention of insulin resistance.

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