Question

How has biotechnology helped in improving life of Diabetic people​

Answer 1

Answer:

Insulin from biotechnically modified bacteria help in improvement of diabetics life .

From them insulin can be obtained in large quantity

as they divide rapidly .

Insulin making Genes from human is introduced in gene of bacteria by this they start to produce insulin

Answer 2

Answer:

• Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
• Insulin from an  animal source, though caused some patients to develop allergy or other types of reactions to the foreign protein.
• Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges.
• In mammals, including humans, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone (like a pro-enzyme, the pro-hormone also needs to be processed before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone) which contains an extra stretch called the C peptide.
• This C peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation into insulin.
• The main challenge for production of insulin using rDNA techniques was getting insulin assembled into a mature form.
• In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company prepared two DNA sequences
• corresponding to A and B, chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E.coli to produce insulin chains.
• Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin.